Summary: The steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentration was lower in major allele carriers, regardless of the diet consumed. Significant diet genotype interactions were found for SSPG and plasma nonesterified FFA (NEFA) concentrations.

Summary: Homozygous subjects had the highest baseline body weight. The dominant model showed that subjects carrying the A allele had the lowest body weight gain (B=- 0.685; P=0.022) after 3 years of nutritional intervention compared with nonmutated subjects (TT genotype) regardless of the nutritional intervention. Moreover, this effect was statistically significant in carriers of the A allele only among those allocated to the MD groups (B= -0.830; P=0.018), but it was not significant among those allocated to the control group (P for interaction=0.649).

Summary: MRND was associated with higher BMI, blood pressure, blood glucose and lipids, while T alleles in rs1870377 were associated with higher blood lipids (p < 0.05). The interaction of MRND and rs1870377 had a borderline effect on blood HbA1c after adjusting for confounders(p = 0.057).

Summary: The results of the study suggest an association between human NR1H3 gene variations and plasma cholesterol concentrations in the presence of a diet rich in cholesterol.

Summary: Higher n-6 Polyunsaturated Fats intake increases plasma TGs and RLPs and decreases LDL particle size in carriers of the -1131C allele, contributing to a more atherogenic lipid profile for this subset of the population. Moreover, this interaction was not observed for n-3 Polyunsaturated Fats.

Summary: Among 12 variant allele-carriers there was no significant trend observed between dietary fat intake and BMI. Incontrast, intake of MUFA was not associated with BMI among homozygous wild-type womens but was inversely associated with BMI among 12Ala variant allele-carriers. The relationship between dietary fat intake and plasma lipid concentrations also differed according to PPARG genotype.

Summary: Homozygotes for the major allele (G) at MMAB_3U3527G/C had higher LDL-cholesterol concentrations than did carriers of the minor allele (P = 0.034). Significant gene-diet interactions for HDL cholesterol were found (P<0.001–0.038), in which GG subjects at SNPs MMAB_3U3527G/C.

Summary: Genotype × supplementation interaction effects on plasma TG levels were observed for rs17129561 in GPAM (p<0.05).

Summary: The SNP rs1838452 was found to be associated with plasma TG levels during intervention. Moreover, SNPs influenced plasma TG levels independently of the supplementation. In the study,SNP of AGPAT3 (rs2838452) explained the variance in plasma TG levels.

Summary: The intake of alcohol did not vary in relation to ADH1C genotypes. BMI,WC, waist-to-hip ratio,blood pressure,HDL or total cholesterol, triglycerides and FVII:ag levels were positively associated with alcohol intake in men (multivariate ANOVA). Regression coefficient for alcohol and BMI or WC was progressively higher in heterozygotes and gamma 2 homozygotes as compared to gamma 1 homozygotes (p = 0.006 and p = 0.03 for interaction, respectively). No interaction was found for other risk factors. In women, alcohol intake was positively associated with HDL, LDL and FVII:ag levels but no interaction was found between ADH1C polymorphism and any risk factor.

Summary: No difference was found in initial total cholesterol between subjects with the G/G mutation and the G/A mutation genotypes. After consumption of the high monounsaturated fat diet, significant increases were noted in plasma LDL cholesterol in the G/A subjects but not in the G/G subjects.

Summary: The amount of the large HDL subfraction increased in the G homozygotes and decreased in the A carriers (mean ± S.E.M., 1.8 ± 6.6 mg/dL versus −6.1 ± 2.3 mg/dL, p < 0.0005). In contrast, the amount of the small HDL subfraction decreased in G homozygotes and increased in A carriers (−1.3 ± 6.6 mg/dL versus 4.7 ± 1.2 mg/dL, p < 0.005)

Summary: Carriers of the 347Ser allele presented a greater decrease in total cholesterol, and apo B levels when they were switched from the SFA to the NCEP type 1 diet. The change from the NCEP type 1 to the MUFA diet resulted in a greater increase in total cholesterol and apo B levels in the 347Ser than in the 347Thr individuals.

Summary: Total cholesterol (Chol) and triacylglycerols (TG) in plasma and TG-rich lipoproteins (TRL) (large TRL and small TRL) were measured,as well as HDL, Apo A-I, Apo B, Apo B-48, and Apo B-100. Postprandial responses were higher in the TT group than in carriers of the minor allele (CC/TC) for total TG in plasma (21.37% of change of area under curve, P=0.014), large TRLTG (24.75% change, P=0.017) and small TRL-Chol (26.63% change, P=0.003). The work shows that carriers of the minor allele for Apo A-II -265T/C (CC/TC) have a lower postprandial response compared with TT homozygotes

Summary: The APOA4-2 allele was associated with marginally significantly lower (P=0.049) low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and significantly lower (P=0.027) apoB levels independent of diet effects. After consuming an NCEP-I diet, carriers of the APOA4-2 allele showed a significantly lower reduction in apoB concentration (6.2%) than 1/1 subjects (14.1%; P=0.036); however, no significant differences in response were noted for LDL cholesterol.

Summary: Postprandial responses were higher in the TT group than in carriers of the minor allele (CC/TC) for total TG in plasma, large TRLTG and small TRL-Chol. The work shows that carriers of the minor allele have a lower postprandial response compared with TT homozygotes.

Summary: Significant interactions between APOE genotype and diet were found for VLDL (P = 0.03) and HDL cholesterol (P = 0.02). Higher saturated fat intake was associated with higher VLDL cholesterol (+29%) and lower HDL cholesterol (-22%) in APOE2 carriers, while the opposite association was observed in APOE4 carriers (-31% for VLDL cholesterol and +10% for HDL cholesterol). Higher saturated fat intake was associated with smaller LDL particles (-2%, P < 0.05) in APOE2 carriers, and larger LDL particles (+2%, P < 0.05) in APOE4 carriers, but the gene-diet interaction was not statistically significant (P = 0.09). Higher saturated fat intake was associated with higher LDL cholesterol in all genotypes (mean +/- SEM, LOW-SAT 2.61 +/- 0.05 vs. HIGH-SAT 2.84 +/- 0.05 mmol/L, P = 0.009).

Summary: The polymorphism interacted with and dietary fat intake in the determination of changes in total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C in an intervention trial. In the low-fat intake group, carriers of the risk allele (G allele) exhibited greater reductions in total cholesterol and LDL-C cholesterol than did noncarriers.

Summary: In male nondrinkers (n = 197), LDL cholesterol was not significantly different across APOE allele groups [APOE*E2 (E2), APOE*E3 (E3), and APOE*E4 (E4)]. In male drinkers (n = 817), differences were observed (P: < 0.001); those with the E2 allele had the lowest concentrations. LDL cholesterol in men with the E2 allele was significantly lower in drinkers than in nondrinkers but was significantly higher in drinkers than in nondrinkers in men with the E4 allele. This APOE-alcohol interaction remained significant (P < 0.001) after age, body mass index, smoking status, and fat and energy intakes were controlled for. In women, the expected effect of APOE alleles on LDL cholesterol occurred in both drinkers (n = 791; P < 0.001) and nondrinkers (n = 342; P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression models showed a negative association (P < 0.05) between alcohol and LDL cholesterol in men with the E2 allele but a positive association in men with the E4 allele. No significant associations were observed in men or women with the E3 allele.

Summary: In APOC3*S1/APOC3*S1 subjects, replacement of the SFA diet by the NCEP-1 diet resulted in an increase in basal glucose and insulin concentrations (for glucose, P < 0.001; for insulin, P < 0.008). Also in this group, consumption of the MUFA diet resulted in the lowest basal glucose concentrations (MUFA diet compared with SFA diet, P < 0.001; MUFA diet compared with NCEP-1 diet, P < 0.000001). Basal insulin concentrations were also significantly lower with the MUFA diet than with the NCEP-1 diet (P < 0.0002). In carriers of the S2 allele, basal glucose concentrations were significantly lower after the MUFA diet than after the NCEP-1 diet (P < 0.006). There were no significant differences in this subject group in basal glucose concentrations after the NCEP-1 and SFA diets.

Summary: The rs13702 SNP showed significant association with TAG and HDL-C, with each copy of the minor allele showing lower TAG and higher HDL-C. The effect of rs13702 on both TAG and HDL-C was consistent across the ten participating cohorts. rs13702 showed a significant interaction with dietary Polyunsaturated Fats modulating TAG as a continuous variable (p = 0.00153) with the magnitude of the inverse association between dietary Polyunsaturated Fats intake and TAG concentration showing greater reduction per minor allele.

Summary: FASN rs4246444 was associated with LDL-PPD, but only when fat intake was taken into account (p = 0.001). High and low lipid consumers were defined using a cutoff of 35% of dietary fat intake. Carriers of the variant allele showed smaller LDL-PPD only when consuming a high amount of fat. This association remained significant after adjustments for age, sex, body mass index and plasma triglyceride levels.

Summary: Compared with carriers of the G allele, TT subjects had a significantly (P 0.05) shorter lag time after the SFA diet. The replacement of the SFA diet by the CHO or MUFA diet induced a greater increase (P 0.05) in lag time in the TT subjects than in the GG or GT subjects. Carriers of the T allele had higher LDLcholesterol (P 0.05) and apolipoprotein B (P 0.05) plasma concentrations after the SFA diet than did GG subjects. Compared with GG subjects, carriers of the T allele had a significantly (P 0.05) greater decrease in LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B when they changed from the SFA to the CHO diet.

Summary: In the E3/E3 homozygotes, HDL-cholesterol was significantly reduced in the tea period (mean placebo 1.54 mmol/l v. mean tea 1.50 mmol/l, P = 0.027). In the E2/E3 group, triacylglycerol concentration was significantly reduced (mean placebo 1.18 mmol/l v. mean tea 1.09 mmol/l, P = 0.039). Tea also caused a significant decrease of PAI-1 activity in the subjects with E2/E3 genotype (mean placebo 7.21 U/ml v. mean tea 5.88 U/ml, P = 0.007). In the other two genotype groups, there was no significant effect of tea.

Summary: Among men, increased %high-intensity activity had greater protective effects in the apoE4 group regarding (1) high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P 0.001), compared with either the apoE2 (interaction P 0.05) or apoE3 (interaction P 0.03) groups, and (2) triglycerides (P 0.03), compared with the apoE3 group (interaction P 0.07). A 10% increase of %high-intensity activity by an apoE4 man would correspond with a 0.07-mmol/L increase in HDL cholesterol and a 0.15-mmol/L decrease in triglycerides. Among women, only the protective effects of physical activity on HDL cholesterol in the apoE4 group versus the apoE2 group was statistically significant. Spending a larger fraction of the total energy expenditure in high-intensity activities may counteract the atherogenic effects of the 4 allele on the lipid profile.

Summary: The positive (LDL-C and BMI) and the negative (HDL-C and BMI) associations that were observed in men and women with the E3/2 and E3/3 genotypes were not modified by alcohol intake. However, in women with the 4/3 genotype only, we found a significant influence of an alcohol by BMI interaction on the prediction of total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, apoA-I, and apoB, and this interaction was influenced by the status of smoking. Whereas the influence of an alcohol by BMI interaction on total cholesterol and LDL-C was significant in smokers, its influence on HDL-C was significant only in non-smokers.

Summary: APOE genotype was not associated with plasma OX-LDL or total antioxidant status (TAOS) in non-smokers. However, in smokers ε4+ had 26.7% higher plasma OX-LDL than other genotypes (APOE:smoking interaction p = 0.04), while ε2+ had 28.4% higher plasma TAOS than ε3ε3 and ε4+ combined (APOE:smoking interaction p = 0.026).

Summary: At the end of each diet period, LDL particle size and plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-C, apoB, apoA-I, and triacylglycerols were determined. LDL particle size was signi�cantly higher (P<0.04) in subjects with the apoE 4/3 genotype compared with those with apoE 3/3 and apoE 3/2 in the basal state. LDL size was smaller (P<0.02) after the CHO diet than after the MUFA or SFA diets. After the CHO diet, a signi�cant increase in LDL particle size (P<0.035) was noted with respect to the MUFA diet in apoE 4/3 subjects, whereas a signi�cant decrease was observed in the apoE 3/3 individuals (P<0.043).

Summary: Total dietary fat was positively associated with HL activity (standardized β: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.21), and this association was also seen for saturated fat (0.10; 0.01, 0.20) and Monounsaturated Fats (0.10; 0.01, 0.19). We observed a significant interaction of the HL polymorphism with the relation between total fat intake and HL activity. The association of total fat with HL activity was stronger in subjects with CT (0.27; 0.11, 0.43) and TT (0.39; −0.22, 1.00) genotypes than in subjects with the CC genotype (0.06; −0.06, 0.18; P for interaction < 0.10).

Summary: For blood lipids, there were significant results demonstrated in individual associations of dietary pattern, MRND and VEGFR2 gene SNPs rs2071559 for these biomarkers.

Summary: Significant gene-diet interaction was observed for SNP KCTD10_V206VT/C; carriers of the minor allele showed lower HDL-cholesterol concentrations than did homozygotes for the major allele, only in subjects who consumed diets high in carbohydrates. Therefore,homozygotes for major alleles at these SNPs and carriers of the 206V allele showed an interaction with dietary carbohydrates, which lowers plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations, whereas carriers of the minor alleles and homozygotes for the V206 allele were resistant to carbohydrate-induced decreases in HDL-cholesterol concentrations.

Summary: HDL concentrations were significantly higher in men with the B2B2 or B1B2 genotype than in those with the B1B1 genotype (adjusted mean SE: 37.9+/-0.02, 40.3+/-0.01, and 42.6+/-0.02 mg/dL for B1B1,B1B2, and B2B2, respectively; P for trend=0.0004).This inverse association of the B1 allele with plasma HDL concentrations existed for those with a high consumption of animal fat (P for interaction=0.02), saturated fat (P for interaction=0.02),and monounsaturated fat (P for interaction=0.04).

Summary: The levels of HDL-C and apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I in nondrinkers were higher in B2B2 genotype than in B1B1 genotype (P=.05 for each), whereas triglyceride (TG) levels in drinkers were higher in B1B1 genotype than in B1B2 genotype (P=.05). The levels of TG, HDL-C, Apo A-I in B1B1 genotype, and HDL-C and Apo A-I in B1B2 genotype were higher in drinkers than in nondrinkers (P<.05-.01), whereas the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and Apo B in B2B2 genotype, and the levels of LDL-C in B1B1 genotype were lower in drinkers than in nondrinkers (P<.05-.01). The levels of HDL-C were positively correlated with female sex and genotype in nondrinkers (P=.001 for each), and were positively associated with age and alcohol consumption in drinkers (P<.005 and<.01, respectively).

Summary: Individuals with CC genotype (homozygous for minor allele) have lower homocysteine levels than the AA genotype.Because the liver has a major role in homocysteine metabolism, this polymorphism could potentially play a vital role in maintaining the levels of homocysteine in circulation.

Summary: Genotype × supplementation interaction effects on plasma TG levels were observed for rs2792751 in GPAM (p<0.05).

Summary: The risk of MI and CVD conferred by Chromosome 9p21 SNPs appears to be modified by a prudent diet high in raw vegetables and fruits.

Summary: The results of the study suggest an association between human NR1H3 gene variations and plasma cholesterol concentrations in the presence of a diet rich in cholesterol.

Summary: Folate status response was assessed via serum folate (SF), RBC folate, plasma total homocysteine (tHcy), and urinary folate. SF decreased (P < 0.001) 66% to 7.9 ± 0.7 nmol/L (means ± SEM) in men with the 677TT genotype and 62% to 11.3 ± 0.9 nmol/L in the 677CC genotype. Plasma tHcy increased (P < 0.0001) 170% to 31 ± 3 μmol/L in men with the 677TT genotype and 18% to 11.6 ± 0.3 μmol/L in the 677CC genotype. At the end of the study, 34% (677TT) and 16% (677CC) had SF concentrations <6.8 nmol/L and 79%(677TT) and 7% (677CC) had tHcy concentrations /14 μmol/L. Choline intake did not influence the response of the measured variables.

Summary: Significant associations between rs174546 genotypes and total and non-HDL-cholesterol concentrations were observed in the group with a high intake of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fats ( 0.51% of total energy;P = 0.006 and 0.047, respectively) but not in the low-intake group(P for interaction = 0.32 and 0.51, respectively). The C allele was associated with high total and non-HDL-cholesterol concentrations. Furthermore, the C allele was significantly associated with high HDL-cholesterol concentrations in the group with a high intake of n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatss ( 5.26% of total energy, P = 0.004) but not in the group with a low intake (P for interaction = 0.02).

Summary: Carriers of the 1/2 genotype had a trend toward higher concentrations of LDL cholesterol (P < 0.11) after the SFA–rich diet than did those who were homozygous for 1/1. Carriers of the mutation showed a significantly greater decrease in LDL-cholesterol concentrations (23%) in changing from an SFA–rich diet to a Cho–rich diet than did noncarriers of the mutation (16%)

Summary: CD36 promoter SNP allele –22674C is therefore associated with lower serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in normal female twins and with improved lipid profile during weight loss and maintenance in obese subjects.

Summary: Polyunsaturated fats intake was positively associated with serum HDL cholesterol in carriers of the minor allele, but negatively associated in those with the major genotype.

Summary: The p-value for association was substantially improved by inclusion of environmental covariates: SNP rs5400 (pSE,unadjusted = 3.661025, pSE,adjusted = 2.261026, pNS,unadjusted = 0.047) in the SLC2A2 (Glucose transporter type 2). This showed evidence of association with total cholesterol. These results demonstrate that inclusion of important environmental factors in the analysis model can reveal new genetic susceptibility.

Summary: For the 30294G/C SNP, significant correlations did not occur between fasting glucose and NEFA(Non esterified fatty acid) but between glucose and TAG, and NEFA and TAG concentrations, in the sub-group which was homozygous for the C allele.

Summary: When examined according to the 33137A/G, genotype the A allele appeared to be important for significant correlations to occur between the three variables.

Summary: No significant differences in terms of Body Mass Index, Total Body Fat, waist circumference and Waist-Hip Ratio were found between the genotypes (p<0.05). Only aversions to green tea, mayonnaise and whipped cream, but not soy products, vegetables, and other sweet/fat foods, were associated with the P49A genotypes (p<0.05).

Summary: Serum CRP levels and other CVD risk factors appeared more influenced by IL-6−572 C/G however CRP levels and Insulin resistance may be additively affected by IL-6−572 and CRP SNPs, particularly when subjects with G/G genotype at IL-6−572 have allele variant at CRP SNPs.

Summary: The data from the study suggests that the functional polymorphism -174C/G at the IL6 locus determines differences in both fasting and postprandial TG metabolism. Those individuals carrying the minor G allele are prone to display pro-atherogenic fasting and postprandial lipid phenotypes.

Summary: Zinc score was different among most of the European centres (P<.001), while an age-dependent decline was documented(P=4.4×10−12). Plasma zinc concentrations were significantly correlated with the zinc score (standardized β=0.144, P=8.8×10−5). The minor allele frequency for the −174G/C polymorphism was f(C) 0.31. There was a significant interaction of zinc diet score and GG (−174G/C) genotype on higher plasma IL-6 levels (β±S.E.=0.014±0.0, P=.008).

Summary: Minor allele frequency (C) was 0.39. At baseline, the CC genotype was associated with higher measures of adiposity. After 3 years, a significant interaction (p50.028) was found between the polymorphism (GG+GC versus CC) and the nutritional intervention: CC subjects following the MD+VOO had the lowest body weight gain.

Summary: Polyunsaturated Fats intake was inversely associated with HDL cholesterol in carriers of the minor allele, but not in those with the major type A stronge gene- diet interaction was observed when the polymorphisms at the 2 positions (-238/-308) were combined (P= 0.0003). Similar effects were observed for apolipoprotein A-I, but not with other dietary fatty acids and serum lipids.

Summary: The T allele was associated with significantly greater HDL-C concentrations only in subjects consuming 30% of energy from fat (P=0.001). The study has found similar gene-nutrient interactions when the outcome variables were HDL-C, large HDL subfraction, or HDL size. These interactions were seen for saturated and MUFA intakes (highly correlated with animal fat in this population), but not for polyunsaturated fats.

Summary: HDL-C concentrations of African American TT homozygotes were highest when percent of energy intake from total fat was high. In both Whites and African Americans, the study also observed a significant interaction between LIPC genotype and saturated fat for TG.

Summary: HDL-C was positively associated with dietary fat intake in CC homozygotes and CG heterozygotes but inversely associated with dietary fat in GG homozygotes. Thus, HDL-C of the GG homozyotes was highest among the three genotypes when fat intake was low but lowest when fat intake was high.

Summary: When examined according to the 31118G/A genotype, homozygocity, for the A allele, was necessary for significant correlations to occur.

Summary: A trend for lower fasting TG and large-TRL TG was found in minor allele carriers compared to major allele homozygotes (p=0.056 and p=0.070 respectively). The study has not foundnd other significant differences in the postprandial lipid metabolism.

Summary: TT homozygotes had higher plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) (14.5 compared with 8.9 mol/L, P ≤ 0.001) and lower plasma folate (14.8 compared with 19.0 nmol/L, P ≤ 0.01) than did subjects with the CC genotype after the exclusion diet. CT heterozygotes had intermediate concentrations. The trend toward higher tHcy in TT homozygotes persisted throughout the study but was less marked with increasing folate intake (TT compared with CC after supplementation, P = 0.097).

Summary: The MTHFR genotype was not significantly more prevalent in patients than in controls, and markedly contributed to Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia. Total fasting plasma homocysteine was negatively correlated to folate and vitamin B12 levels. However, folate was similar in patients and controls and vitamin B12 was higher in patients.

Summary: Homocysteine concentrations were higher in persons carrying minor allele. The Mediterranean diet score was not significantly associated with homocysteine concentrations. However, after control for potential confounders, the stratified analysis showed that adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with reduced homocysteine concentrations in persons with the TT and CT genotypes but not in those with the CC genotype.

Summary: An inverse relationship was observed between changes in Total homocysteine and changes in the intake of beer in TT individuals but not in CC/CT individuals. In addition, changes in Total homocysteine were positively associated with changes in several biological risk factors, such as waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol (P<0.01). The association between waist circumference and MTHFR genotype seemed stronger in TT individuals than in CC/CT individuals.

Summary: In MTHFR C677T polymorphism, the amino acid alanine is changed to valine making this enzyme thermolabile. The homozygous variant (TT) reduces the enzyme activity by 68% thereby decreasing the conversion of methylene tetrahydrofolate to methyl tetrahydrofolate (a substrate that converts homocysteine to methionine), resulting in intracellular accumulation of homocysteine.

Summary: Supplementation with folic acid led to a significant reduction in tHcy levels. The mean tHcy changed from 12.14 to 10.42 micromol/l after supplementation (p<10* –5 ). Moreover, the change in tHcy levels was highly heritable (64%),not associated with the C677T functional variant at MTHFR and not confounded by age, BMI or diet. The results highlight the need to identify genetic factors associated with biomarkers of response to folate supplementation.

Summary: Subjects harboring the 677 TT genotype had the highest homocysteine (Hcy). Among subjects harboring the 677 CC genotype, men had higher Hcy. Age and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) correlated best while the percentage carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and the B vitamins correlated weakly with Hcy. Hcy was positively associated with the reported alcohol intake.

Summary: Individuals with CC genotype (homozygous for minor allele) have lower homocysteine levels than the AA genotype.Because the liver has a major role in homocysteine metabolism, this polymorphism could potentially play a vital role in maintaining the levels of homocysteine in circulation.

Summary: The results of the study suggest an association between human NR1H3 gene variations and plasma cholesterol concentrations in the presence of a diet rich in cholesterol.

Summary: The SNP rs746731 was found to be associated with plasma TG levels during intervention.

Summary: For the 25444G/A SNP, homozygosity, for the G allele, was necessary for correlations to occur between the variables. HDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly raised by fish oil supplementation in subjects with 25444GG genotypes.

Summary: Lp-PLA2 genotype is associated with body composition. In healthy young men exposed to prolonged rigorous exercise. The study proposed a novel role for PLA2 in the development of obesity, and by its association Cardiovascular disease.

Summary: Consumption of orange and blackcurrant juice and vitamin E supplement does not affect the activity of PON1 in patients with peripheral arterial disease. However, a gene-diet interaction may be present.

Summary: At baseline, lag time was higher in minor allele carriers. Neither tomato nor carrot juice consumption had signi�cant effects on PON1 activity. However, tomato juice consumption reduced plasma malondialdehyde in minors. Carrot juice had no signi�cant effect on malondialdehyde irrespective of the PON1-192 genotype. Male volunteers with the QR/RR genotype showed an increased lipid peroxidation at baseline.

Summary: The mean plasma total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A-I concentrations were lower after the high vegetable diet period than after the low vegetable diet period. Also, the serum PON1 activity was lower after the high vegetable compared with the low vegetable diet period.

Summary: Baseline characteristics were similar for both genotype groups. A significant genotype-by-diet interaction effect was observed for plasma C-reactive protein concentrations (p=0.01).

Summary: No statistical heterogeneity of the effects by sex (P =0.2) was found; thus, men and women were analyzed together. Significant interactions were observed between the genotype at the PPARA locus and dietary Polyunsaturated Fats intake in the determination of serum TG (P=0.048) and apoC-III (P=0.01) concentrations. In both instances, those with the 162V allele had lower concentrations of TG and apoC-III with higher intake of Polyunsaturated Fats. In contrast, among homozygotes for the 162L allele, Polyunsaturated Fats intake did not decrease either TG or apoC-III concentrations.

Summary: PPARA is involved in the homeostasis of lipids in the fasting state as well as during the acute postprandial response to dietary fat. The minor allele carriers displayed lower mean concentrations of TG and cholesterol throughout the postprandial period. These data suggest that PPARA variants may modulate the risk of Cardiovascular disease by influencing both fasting and postprandial lipid.

Summary: Following n-3 Polyunsaturated Fats supplementation, plasma TAG concentrations of minor allele carriers of rs1799983 were considerably more responsive to changes in plasma n-3 polyunsaturated Fats, than major allele homozygotes.

Summary: A significant gene-diet interaction effect for plasma CRP concentrations was also observed. Carriers and noncarriers of the PPAR L162V polymorphism showed opposite changes, carriers of the V162 allele exhibited increased CRP values with the n–3 Polyunsaturated Fats supplementation while homozygotes of the L162 allele showed a decreased CRP value with n–3 Polyunsaturated Fats supplementation.

Summary: The p-value for association was substantially improved by inclusion of environmental covariates: SNP rs2000999 (pSE,unadjusted =1.1*10^-23, pSE,adjusted = 3.8*10^-24, pNS,unadjusted = 0.035) in the HP gene (Haptoglobin-related protein precursor). This showed evidence of association with total cholesterol. These results demonstrate that inclusion of important environmental factors in the analysis model can reveal new genetic susceptibility.

Summary: APOA1 was higher in homozygotes for the common allele of i27943 vs heterozygotes for both SNPs. Major allele homozygotes for i27943 (GG) had a lower Area Under Curve of TG than GA and AA subjects. The study did not find any effects of this SNP on small-TRL TGs, total cholesterol, large-TRL chol, small-TRL chol, or HDL.There was lower APOB in GG vs GA at all timepoints (all p<0.05) except at fasting, and hour 11. The ratio of APOA1 to APOB was higher in GG versus GA.

Summary: Subjects homozygous for the major allele displayed lower amounts of accumulated TG from the third hour to the end of the study, compared to CT and TT (all p<0.05). The differences were significant at fasting in CC vs CT. AUC of APOA1 was higher in CC subjects than in CT. The APOA1/APOB ratio was higher in CC versus TC individuals (p=0.008).

Summary: For the SNP KCTD10_i5642G/C homozygotes for the major alleles (G) had lower HDL-cholesterol concentrations than did carriers of the minor alleles (P = 0.005). Significant gene-diet interactions for HDL cholesterol were found (P<0.001–0.038), in which GG subjects at SNP KCTD10_i5642G/C.

Summary: Carriers of the minor T allele at the C/T rs7903146 SNP had higher fasting plasma glucose (P = 0.012), lower homeostasis model assessment of β cell function (P = 0.041), higher plasma VLDL (P = 0.035), and lower large LDL particle (P = 0.007) concentrations and higher risk of MetS (P = 0.011) than CC individuals. Moreover, the study identified significant interactions between this SNP and Polyunsaturated Fats intake modulating fasting VLDL particle concentrations (P = 0.016) and postprandial triglycerides (TG) (P = 0.028), chylomicrons (P = 0.025), total VLDL (P = 0.026), and large VLDL (P = 0.018) concentrations. Thus, only T allele carriers with a Polyunsaturated Fats intake ≥7.36% of energy had elevated fasting plasma VLDL concentrations and postprandial TG-rich lipoproteins. These variables did not differ in T allele carriers and noncarriers in the low-Polyunsaturated Fats intake group.

Summary: Subjects were grouped as having no minor A allele at the –238 position (0/0), or one minor A allele at the –238 (1/0) position. TNFA genotypes modified the association between dietary Polyunsaturated Fats and HDL-cholesterol concentrations (p = 0.04 for interaction). Among individuals with the 0/0 genotype, total polyunsaturated fats was positively associated with HDL-cholesterol in both men (p = 0.008) and women (p = 0.03), and for both n–6 (p = 0.004) and n–3 (p = 0.04) Polyunsaturated Fats.However, an inverse relationship was observed among men carrying the 1/0 genotype (p = 0.005).

Summary: Subjects were grouped as having no minor A allele at the –308 positions (0/0), or one minor A allele at –308 (0/1) position. TNF- genotypes modified the association between dietary Polyunsaturated Fats and HDL-cholesterol concentrations (p = 0.04 for interaction). Among individuals with the 0/0 genotype, total Polyunsaturated Fats was positively associated with HDL-cholesterol in both men (p = 0.008) and women (p = 0.03), and for both n–6 (p = 0.004) and n–3 (p = 0.04) polyunsaturated fats. However, an inverse relationship was observed among men carrying the 1/0 genotype (p = 0.005).

Summary: Minor allele carriers had significantly greater HDL-C and lower TG than non-carriers. In all participants, carbohydrate intake was inversely associated with HDL-C and positively associated with TG, whereas TF, SF, and MUFA showed opposite associations with TG and HDL-C. These relations were uniform between sex-specific genotype groups, with one exception. In men, but not women, the inverse association between carbohydrate and HDL-C was stronger in minor allele carriers than non-carriers.